Sosiolinguistics is the study of inter relationships of language and social structure, linguistics variation and attitudes toward language. It is any set of linguistics form which pattern according to social factors. For example, the way of how to speak of student to lecturer is different from the way how the speak of student to beggar despite using the same language. It can also be in intonation/choosing the word.

The social factors are : linguistic style, dialect and language. They are called CODE.

There two kinds of sociolinguistics :

1. Micro

It is called ethnography of communication. It studies language in relation to society. For example : language used in a meeting.

2. Macro

It is called sociology of language. It studies society in relation to language. For example :How Surakartan society behaving Javanese

• Sociolinguistic is the study of language in relation to its sociocultural. 
•   In the Sociolinguistic, we learn both about language and about ourselves, the people who use it,  who live with it, and who live in it. Sociolinguistics, then, as the name implies, is the study of language in human society.
• Major aspect of sociolinguistic referred to as Language Variation.    

1. internal variation: the languages having different ways of showing the same meaning.  
2. language variety :  general term that may be used at a number of levels.
3. dialect : a variety of  a language spoken by a group of people, that distinguish it from other varieties of the same language.    

•  idiolect : the speech variety of an individual speaker.

     Code Switching

     Code-switching is a term in linguistics to using more than one language or variety in conversation. code switching can occur between sentences(intersential) or within a single sentence (intrasential).

     Code switching can be distinguishedfrom other lanfuage contact phenomena such as loan translation, borrowing, pidgins and creoles, and transfer or interferences.

     There are different prespective on code switching. a major approach in sociolinguistics focuses on the social motivation for switching, a line of inquiry concentrating both on immediate discourse factors such as  lexical need and the topic and setting of the discussion, and on more distant factors such as speaker of group identiyi, and relation ship building. A second perspective primaly concerns syntatic constrains on switching. this is a line of inquiry that has postulated grammatical rules and specific syntatic boundaries for where a switch may occur.

     Code switching can be related to and indicated of group membership in particular types of bilingual speech comunities, such that the regularities of the alternating use of two or more languages within one conversation may vary to a considerable degree betwqeen speech comunities.

Fundamental Concepts in Sociolinguistics

Speech Community

     Speech community is a concepts in sociolinguistics that describes a more or less discrete group of people who use language in a unique and mutually accepted way among themselves.

     Speech comunities can be members of a profession with a specialize jargon, distinct social groups like high school students or hip hop fans. Member of speech communities will often develope slang or jargon to serve the group's special purposes and priorities.

     A speech community is also the group of people who speek the dialogue. What makes a particular group of people speak a particular dialect has to do with a number of factor which may play a more or less significant role in any particular case.